Renal Physiology and Dialysis Principles

Students will begin by examining the normal anatomy and physiology of the renal system, including fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base regulation, and waste product excretion. The course then transitions to understanding the pathophysiology of renal failure and the critical need for artificial support. Core principles of solute and fluid transport, such as diffusion, osmosis, ultrafiltration, and convection, are introduced and thoroughly explored in the context of extracorporeal and intraperitoneal treatment modalities. We will cover the mechanics and physiological impacts of different treatment types, including intermittent and continuous blood purification techniques, as well as peritoneal-based systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding the components and operational characteristics common to these systems, preparing students to support their clinical application effectively.

InstructorJacob Calhoun

Course outline

Lectures, virtual labs, and graded assignments — completed in your browser.

01Introduction to Renal Anatomy and Functionlecture

02Physiology of Fluid and Electrolyte Balancelecture

03Introduction to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)lecture

04Principles of Dialysis: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Ultrafiltrationlab

05Hemodialysis Modalities and Treatment Parameterslecture

06Water Treatment Systems for Dialysis Applicationslecture

07Dialysis Machine Systems: Components and Operating Principleslecture

08Midterm Review Session (Lessons 1-7)lab

09Dialysis Machine Operation and User Interface Lablecture

10Dialysis Access Types and Patient Connectionslecture

11Common Alarms and Troubleshooting Strategies (Assignment)lab

12Routine Maintenance Procedures and Quality Controllecture

13Advanced System Diagnostics and Repair Techniques (Assignment)lecture

14Capstone Service Project: Dialysis System Troubleshooting and Repair Simulationassignment

Syllabus

["Week 1: Introduction to Renal Anatomy and Histology","Week 2: Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Reabsorption/Secretion","Week 3: Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Regulation","Week 4: Acid-Base Balance and Renal Control","Week 5: Endocrine Functions of the Kidneys and Renal Hormones","Week 6: Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)","Week 7: Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)","Week 8: Principles of Solute Transport: Diffusion and Osmosis","Week 9: Principles of Fluid Removal: Ultrafiltration and Convection","Week 10: Overview of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques","Week 11: Components and Circuitry for Intermittent Blood Purification Systems","Week 12: Components and Circuitry for Continuous Blood Purification Systems","Week 13: Principles and Components of Peritoneal-Based Treatment Systems","Week 14: Physiological Consequences and Management of Renal Replacement Therapies"]